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Young Ireland
Young Ireland ((アイルランド語:Éire Óg), ) was a political, cultural and social movement of the mid-19th century. It led changes in Irish nationalism, including an abortive rebellion known as the Young Irelander Rebellion of 1848. Many of the rebellion's leaders were tried for sedition and sentenced to penal transportation to Van Diemen's Land. From its beginnings in the late 1830s, Young Ireland grew in influence and inspired following generations of Irish nationalists.
==History==
The name Young Ireland was originally used in a disparaging way to describe the group of young Repeal Association members who were associated with ''The Nation'' newspaper.〔Young Ireland, Sir Charles Gavan Duffy, Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co. 1880, Pg.291〕 At the time, the Repeal Association was campaigning for the repeal of the Act of Union 1800 between the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland.〔T. F. O'Sullivan, ''Young Ireland'', The Kerryman Ltd. 1945, p. 1-4〕 The term was first coined by the "English" press,〔 and later used by leader Daniel O'Connell in a vindictive attack at Conciliation Hall, home of the Repeal Association.〔Dennis Gwynn, ''O'Connell Davis and the Collages Bill'', Cork University Press, 1948, p. 68〕
Young Ireland traced its origins to the new College Historical Society, founded on 29 March 1839, at a meeting at Francis Kearney’s chambers, 27 College.〔Charles Gavan Duffy, ''Thomas Davis, The Memoirs of an Irish Patriot'', Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd pg. 14〕 Among the members of this new society were John Blake Dillon, Thomas MacNevin, William Eliot Hudson and Thomas Davis,〔 who was elected its president in 1840.〔〔Dennis Gwynn, ''Young Ireland and 1848'', Cork University Press, 1949, pg 5〕 While still at Trinity College, Davis had addressed the Dublin Historical Society, which met at the Dorset Institute in Upper Sackville Street from 1836 to 1838. Davis became president and gave two lectures. (Available from the National Library of Ireland, the lectures clearly show that Davis had become a convinced Irish nationalist by this period.〔Charles Gavan Duffy, ''Thomas Davis, The Memoirs of an Irish Patriot'', Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd pg. 13〕
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